Starting a Business in the Netherlands: A Guide for Expats
Are you an expat with an entrepreneurial spirit? The Netherlands is one of the most business-friendly countries in Europe and offers plenty of opportunities for internationals to start their own companies. Here’s what you need to know to get started.
Step 1: Choose the Right Legal Structure
Before registering your business, you need to decide on its legal form. The most common types for small businesses include:
- Eenmanszaak – Sole proprietorship, ideal for freelancers and small businesses.
- Besloten Vennootschap (BV) – A private limited company with limited liability.
- VOF – General partnership, if you’re starting a business with others.
Each structure has different implications for liability, taxation, and administration.
Step 2: Register with the KvK
You must register your business with the Kamer van Koophandel (KvK) — the Dutch Chamber of Commerce. This step provides you with a unique business number (KvK-nummer) and automatically registers you with the Dutch Tax and Customs Administration (Belastingdienst).
Step 3: Residency and Visa Considerations
If you’re a non-EU/EEA citizen, you may need a residence permit or visa. The Netherlands offers a special self-employment residence permit and other options like the DAFT visa for American entrepreneurs under the Dutch-American Friendship Treaty.
Step 4: Understand Your Tax Obligations
Once registered, you'll need to deal with VAT (BTW), quarterly returns, and income or corporate tax depending on your business structure. You may also qualify for tax deductions and allowances such as the zelfstandigenaftrek (self-employed deduction) and startersaftrek (startup deduction).
Step 5: Open a Business Bank Account
While not legally required, it’s strongly recommended to separate your business and personal finances. Dutch banks like ING, ABN AMRO, and Rabobank offer business accounts specifically tailored to entrepreneurs.
Additional Tips
- Check with the KvK for workshops and startup support.
- Consider liability and health insurance as a ZZP'er (self-employed person).
- Make sure your trade name isn’t already in use by searching the KvK database.
Final Thoughts
With a straightforward registration process and a supportive startup climate, starting your business in the Netherlands is accessible and rewarding. Make sure to plan ahead and consult professionals when needed.